There are 6 seasons in the world, however, no one place has 6 seasons. Some places will have 4 seasons, and some places will have 2 seasons.
If you live in a temperate area, you will have four seasons: Summer, autumn, winter and spring
Summer is the hot season. This is the hottest time of the year. If you live in a place with deciduous trees, the trees will be in full bloom and will be their greenest during summer. All plants will generally be in full bloom. Summer is the time of year when the days are longest and the nights are shortest
Autumn is the transition period between summer and winter. The days generally begin to get colder, but are more mild than cold or hot, and the days get shorter and the nights get longer. It is during this time of year when deciduous trees begin to lose their leaves, and deciduous trees have a beautiful display of red, orange and yellow colours as their leaves begin to fall. The weather is usually mild as it transitions from hot to cold. The falling leaves is the reason why some North Americans call autumn “fall”
Winter is the coldest part of the year. If places only see seasonal snowfall it will happen in winter. winter is associated with cold and darkness. Winter is also the time of year when the days are shortest and the nights are longest. Deciduous trees would have lost all their leaves and some animals have gone into hibernation. Deciduous trees look barren, and people who don’t know any better would assume that they’re dead.
Spring is the season which transitions from cold to heat. The days become longer, and the nights become shorter. In spring, many days are mild. Deciduous trees which have lost their leaves will begin to grow new leaves and new flowers, and thus, and therefore, this is the season where deciduous trees begin to bloom, known as “Blossoming”. Deciduous trees display colours of pinks, mostly, as the leaves blossom.
In some places, the locals may officially or unofficially only recognise two seasons- summer and winter. this may be for two reasons:
1. Tourist areas may only recognise two seasons. For example, some ski resorts may only recognise summer and winter. “Winter” will be interchangeable with the snow season, when tourists will visit the area to participate in winter sports or to see snow, whilst summer will refer to the rest of the year. Conversely, some beach resorts may refer to their prime tourist season as “summer” when the weather is best for visiting beaches, whilst they might refer to the rest of the year, or the off season, as “winter”
2. Some places with little, if any, transition between summer and winter will generally only officially or unofficially recognise two seasons- summer and winter. this is because spring and autumn is either short or non-existent. You wake up one day it’s hot, and the next day it’s cold, or vice versa
Those are the seasons in temperate areas. In polar areas, it’s basically the same, but also a little different. Differences in sunlight hours based on seasonality will vary depending on how far you are from the Equator. In theory, on the Equator, you will receive exactly 12 hours of sunlight and twelve hours of night every day, 365 days per year, until you get to the north and south poles, where you will have 6 months of non-stop sunlight in the summer (known as the midnight sun), followed by 6 months of non-stop nightime in the winter (called the polar night). The sun sets in autumn and will not rise again until winter. the sun rises in spring and will not set again until autumn.
Some polar regions will get 21+ hours of sunlight in summer, followed by 21+ hours of darkness in winter. In autumn and spring, depending on how far north or south you, the sunlight hours may either stabilise or transition from complete darkness or vice versa in autumn and spring respectively (I’ll explain more about this when I explain the major lines of latitude). Some polar places may choose to base their seasons on the number of sunlight hours, rather than the weather.
On the opposite end of the spectrum, we have the tropical seasons. There are only two tropical seasons. The wet season and the dry season.
The wet season (or the rainy season, or the monsoon season, or the green season) is a season where there is very frequent rains, and there could be as many as few thunderstorms in a single day. This is the period where seasonal rivers will contain the most water that the usually contain, and this is the period where deciduous trees will have their leaves, and all deciduous plants will be in bloom and thriving. This is also the season which is most prone to floods and cyclones
The dry season is a season where there is little to no rain. The ground is dry and seasonal rivers will have little to no water in them. Deciduous trees will lose their leaves and or have lost their leaves, and many seasonal plants would have died. This is also the season which is most prone to droughts and bush fires.
Depending on how far you go from the Equator, the dry and the wet season will either have the same temperature range year round, or the wet season will be warmer than the dry season
In the Southern Hemisphere, the dry season will run from late autumn to late spring. The wet season will run from late spring to late autumn. This is also true for the Northern Hemisphere, where the dry season will run from late autumn to late spring, and the wet season will run from late spring to late autumn. Closer to the Equator, there may be two dry seasons (which correlate with spring and autumn) and two wet seasons (which correlate with summer and winter) as the rains move from north to south and vice versa.
Some places in the tropics are located in tropical rainforests, where it is hot and rainy all year, and thus have no seasons at all. There’s even an entire country that has no seasons at all due to its location in a tropical rainforest. That country is Singapore! Okay, so this is how seasons are defined in cultures which speak most of the European languages. Thus, this is one of the most common methods of defining seasons globally. Other cultures may define seasons differently. Most Australian Aboriginals, for example, would have six seasons as defined by the climate of their local area, despite the fact that non-Aboriginals in those areas will define four or two seasons in the same areas. Parts of India divide their seasons into six seasons, and other cultures have a wide range of dividing seasons based on their own local needs.